Conclusion
The aim of this paper was to research whether game theory can show us insight into the bystander effect and into possible solutions. As mentioned before, the considered solution was introducing either a (social) reward or punishment. While rewards and punishments indeed seem to increase the probability of bystanders intervening, it is still impossible to disregard the bystander effect, as n players still appear in the new mixed strategy NE. This indicates that when n increases, p will decrease, although this progress is slowed by the introduction of r and b.