Border Militarisation and Its Effects on Irregular Migration


by Thore Elberling
3597 words



Abstract


Introduction


What is Border Militarisation?


How Did Militarisation in the EU and US Come About?


Border Militarisation Strategies in the US and EU


How Does Border Militarisation Impact Irregular Migrants?


Conclusion


References


Appendix

Appendix

           


Figure 1. Observed probability of crossing at a traditional location and probability predicted from Border Patrol budget. From Massey et al. (2016).



Figure 2. Observed probability of crossing with a coyote and probability predicted from Border Patrol budget. Form Massey et al. (2016)


Figure 3. Observed trend in coyote costs and costs predicted from Border Patrol budget and place of crossing. From Massey et al. (2016).



Figure 4. Observed deaths at the border and deaths predicted by trend in Border Patrol budget. From Massey et al. (2016).



Figure 5. Observed probability of return within 12 months of first undocumented trip and probability predicted from Border Patrol budget. From Massey et al. (2016).



Figure 6. Share of apprehensions by regional origin 1990-2019. From Massey (2020).